The development of decision support systems (DSS) is the result of collaborative efforts by numerous researchers and practitioners in various fields such as computer science, management science, and information systems. While there is no sole inventor of DSS, early pioneers like Jay Forrester and Herbert Simon made significant contributions to the concept and theory of computer-based decision-making support. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, researchers such as Michael Scott Morton, Peter Keen, and Andrew Whinston further advanced DSS by exploring different aspects, including model-driven and data-driven systems, as well as their integration into organizational processes. Since then, the field of DSS has witnessed continuous progress with the contributions of many researchers, practitioners, and software developers, resulting in a diverse range of DSS types, such as rule-based systems and expert systems. It is important to acknowledge that the evolution of DSS has been a collaborative endeavor, benefiting from the collective insights and efforts of numerous individuals over several decades.
A decision support system (DSS) is a computer-based tool or software application that assists individuals or organizations in making informed decisions. It provides analytical and informational support by collecting, organizing, and analyzing data from various sources. The primary goal of a DSS is to enhance decision-making effectiveness and efficiency. The need for decision support systems (DSS) arises from the complexity of data, time sensitivity, decision complexity, uncertainty and risk factors, the need for decision consistency, support for strategic planning, and the facilitation of collaboration and communication. In today’s data-driven world, decision-makers face vast amounts of complex and heterogeneous data, and a DSS helps in collecting, organizing, and analyzing this data to provide meaningful insights. It enables quick access to relevant information, accelerates data analysis, and offers timely recommendations. Moreover, DSS incorporates computational models and algorithms to handle complex decision scenarios, evaluate risks, and identify optimal solutions. By promoting consistency, aiding in strategic planning, and facilitating collaboration, DSS enhances decision-making effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy, contributing to achieving organizational goals.
CONTENTS
DSS typically includes several components
Software Systems that help with decision making
Designing a decision support system
Decision Support System – Information flow
Best paid DSS available in the market today
DSS typically includes several components
- Data Management: It involves collecting and storing relevant data from internal and external sources. This data may include historical information, real-time data, and external databases.
- Model Management: DSS utilizes mathematical models and algorithms to analyze data and generate insights. These models can range from simple statistical analysis to complex predictive models or optimization algorithms.
- User Interface: DSS provides a user-friendly interface to interact with the system. It allows users to input data, specify decision criteria, and receive reports or recommendations based on the analysis.
- Decision Analysis: DSS supports decision-makers in evaluating different alternatives and assessing the potential outcomes of each option. It helps in identifying risks, evaluating trade-offs, and understanding the impact of various factors on the decision.
- Presentation and Visualization: DSS presents the analyzed data and results in a visual format, such as graphs, charts, or interactive dashboards. This helps decision-makers understand complex information easily and make well-informed decisions.
By leveraging the power of technology and data analysis, decision support systems can assist in solving complex problems, identifying trends and patterns, and providing valuable insights to support decision-making processes. They find applications in various domains, including business, healthcare, finance, supply chain management, and strategic planning. The need for a decision support system (DSS) arises from several factors and challenges faced by individuals and organizations in decision-making processes.
Some of the key reasons for using a DSS include:
- Complexity of Data: In today’s data-driven world, decision-makers often have access to vast amounts of complex and heterogeneous data from various sources. A DSS helps in collecting, organizing, and analyzing this data to extract meaningful insights and support decision-making.
- Time Sensitivity: Many decisions need to be made within limited time frames. A DSS facilitates quick access to relevant information, accelerates data analysis, and provides timely recommendations, enabling decision-makers to make informed choices promptly.
- Decision Complexity: Decisions involving multiple variables, constraints, and interdependencies can be challenging to handle manually. A DSS utilizes computational models and algorithms to analyze complex decision scenarios, assess trade-offs, and identify optimal solutions.
- Uncertainty and Risk: Decision-making often involves uncertainty and risk factors. A DSS incorporates techniques such as simulation, sensitivity analysis, and scenario planning to evaluate potential outcomes, assess risks, and explore decision alternatives under different conditions.
- Decision Consistency: Organizations often encounter the need for consistency in decision-making across different departments or teams. A DSS provides a standardized framework and guidelines for decision-making, ensuring consistency and reducing subjective biases.
- Support for Strategic Planning: DSS aids in strategic planning by facilitating the analysis of historical data, market trends, and competitive intelligence. It helps in identifying opportunities, evaluating alternative strategies, and assessing their potential impact on the organization’s goals.
- Collaboration and Communication: DSS can facilitate collaboration and information sharing among decision-makers and stakeholders. It allows multiple individuals to access and contribute to decision-related data, analysis, and discussions, leading to better-informed and more inclusive decisions.
By addressing these needs, a decision support system enhances decision-making effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy. It empowers decision-makers with valuable insights, assists in evaluating alternatives, mitigates risks, and contributes to achieving organizational goals.
Software Systems that help with decision making
There are various software applications available that help facilitate decision support mechanisms. Some popular examples include:
- Business Intelligence (BI) Tools: BI software, such as Tableau, Power BI, and QlikView, provide robust data visualization, analytics, and reporting capabilities. These tools enable decision-makers to explore data, identify trends, and gain insights to support informed decision-making.
- Data Mining and Machine Learning Tools: Software packages like RapidMiner, Weka, and Python libraries such as scikit-learn and TensorFlow offer advanced data mining and machine learning functionalities. These tools assist in discovering patterns, building predictive models, and making data-driven decisions.
- Decision Trees and Decision Analysis Tools: Software like TreePlan (Excel add-in), Hugin, and PrecisionTree (part of the DecisionTools Suite) allow for the creation and analysis of decision trees and decision analysis models. These tools aid in evaluating alternative courses of action, considering uncertainty, and estimating probabilities.
- Optimization Software: Optimization tools like IBM ILOG CPLEX, Gurobi, and Excel Solver help in solving complex optimization problems. They enable decision-makers to find the best possible solutions given specific constraints and objectives, optimizing factors like resource allocation, production scheduling, or supply chain management.
- Simulation Software: Simulation tools, such as Arena, AnyLogic, and Simul8, simulate real-world scenarios to assess the impact of different decisions or changes. They help decision-makers understand system dynamics, analyze what-if scenarios, and evaluate the potential outcomes of different choices.
- Collaborative Decision Support Tools: Collaboration software like Microsoft Teams, Slack, and Trello facilitate communication, document sharing, and collaboration among decision-making teams. These tools streamline discussions, information sharing, and decision-making processes, ensuring effective teamwork and coordination.
These are just a few examples of software tools that support decision-making processes. The choice of software depends on the specific needs, complexity of decisions, and available data in each particular context.
Designing a decision support system
Designing a decision support system (DSS) involves several key steps to ensure its effectiveness and relevance to the decision-making process. Here is a general outline for designing a DSS:
- Identify Decision-Making Needs: Begin by understanding the specific decision-making needs and objectives of the users or organization. This involves identifying the types of decisions to be supported, the relevant data sources, and the desired outcomes.
- Define System Requirements: Based on the identified needs, define the functional and technical requirements for the DSS. Consider factors such as the types of data to be collected, the analysis techniques required, the desired user interface, and any specific constraints or limitations.
- Data Collection and Integration: Determine the sources of data required for decision-making. This may involve collecting data from internal systems, external databases, or real-time sources. Ensure that the data is reliable, relevant, and properly integrated into the DSS.
- Data Analysis and Modeling: Select appropriate analytical techniques and models to analyze the collected data. This may include statistical analysis, data mining, machine learning, or optimization algorithms. Develop or integrate the necessary algorithms or models into the DSS.
- User Interface Design: Create a user-friendly interface that allows users to interact with the DSS easily. Consider the needs and preferences of the users and design intuitive interfaces for data input, query formulation, analysis, and visualization.
- Decision Support Tools: Incorporate decision support tools that align with the specific decision-making needs. This may include visualization tools, what-if analysis capabilities, scenario simulation, or optimization modules. These tools should assist users in understanding the data, exploring alternatives, and evaluating the potential outcomes of different decisions.
- Testing and Validation: Test the DSS thoroughly to ensure its functionality, accuracy, and reliability. Validate the results against known cases or expert judgment. Incorporate user feedback and make necessary refinements to improve the system’s performance.
- Implementation and Deployment: Once the DSS has been tested and validated, deploy it in the operational environment. Ensure proper integration with existing systems and provide necessary training and support to users.
- Monitoring and Evaluation: Continuously monitor the performance of the DSS and gather user feedback. Assess its effectiveness in supporting decision-making processes and identify areas for improvement. Make updates and enhancements as needed.
The design of a DSS should be iterative and adaptive, allowing for refinements and updates based on changing needs and technological advancements.
Decision Support System – Information flow
One real-world example of a decision support system (DSS) flow of information is a supply chain management DSS used by a retail company. In this scenario:
- Data Collection: The DSS collects data from various sources, such as point-of-sale systems, inventory databases, supplier information, and shipment records.
- Data Integration: The collected data is integrated and consolidated within the DSS, ensuring that all relevant data is available in a centralized repository.
- Data Analysis: The DSS applies analytical techniques to the integrated data, such as demand forecasting, inventory optimization, and supplier performance analysis. This helps identify demand patterns, optimize inventory levels, and evaluate supplier reliability.
- Decision Models: Based on the data analysis, the DSS develops decision models specific to supply chain management, such as demand planning models, reorder point models, or supplier selection models.
- User Interaction: Users interact with the DSS by inputting parameters such as desired service levels, lead times, or cost constraints. They can also request specific analyses, such as “what-if” scenarios or alternative supplier evaluations.
- Decision Support: The DSS processes user inputs and applies the decision models to generate relevant information and insights. For example, it can provide optimal reorder quantities, recommend suppliers based on performance metrics, or simulate the impact of changing lead times.
- Presentation and Visualization: The DSS presents the analyzed data and decision support outputs through visualizations, such as interactive dashboards or reports. This allows users to understand supply chain performance, identify bottlenecks, and evaluate different options.
- Decision Making: Equipped with the information and insights from the DSS, supply chain managers can make informed decisions about inventory replenishment, supplier selection, or logistics optimization. The DSS provides support by presenting data-driven recommendations and facilitating scenario-based evaluations.
- Feedback Loop: The DSS captures user feedback and incorporates it into the system, enabling continuous improvement and refinement. Users’ feedback can help enhance the accuracy of demand forecasting, adjust inventory policies, or fine-tune supplier evaluation criteria.
Through this real-world example, the DSS streamlines the flow of information in supply chain decision-making, improving efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing overall supply chain performance. Even for handling complex decisions, the process is very much similar. We only need to make sure that we are considering all the valid parameters which are required for decision making process. Handling complex decisions also requires a structured and analytical approach while considering the complexities and uncertainties involved. By following these steps, decision-makers can navigate through complex decision-making scenarios more effectively and increase the likelihood of making informed and successful decisions.
Best paid decision support system or management information system / DSS available in the market today
There are several paid decision support systems (DSS) available today, each with its own unique features and capabilities. Decision support system application could really help one arrive at critical decisions. These clinical support systems could help one get to the decisions quickly and easily. Here are some well-known and highly regarded paid DSS options or decision support system in mis / business intelligence dss :
- Tableau: Tableau offers a comprehensive suite of business intelligence and analytics tools. It provides powerful data visualization capabilities, interactive dashboards, and advanced analytics features. Tableau is known for its user-friendly interface and extensive integration options.
- Power BI: Power BI is Microsoft’s business analytics tool that allows users to visualize data, build interactive reports, and create dynamic dashboards. It offers strong data modeling capabilities, AI-powered insights, and seamless integration with other Microsoft products and services.
- IBM Watson Analytics: Watson Analytics is an AI-powered analytics platform by IBM. It provides advanced data exploration, predictive modeling, and natural language processing capabilities. Watson Analytics offers automated insights, guided data discovery, and easy-to-use interfaces.
- QlikView and Qlik Sense: QlikView and Qlik Sense are popular data discovery and visualization tools. They offer interactive dashboards, associative data indexing, and flexible data exploration capabilities. Qlik products emphasize self-service analytics and user-driven exploration of data.
- Domo: Domo is a cloud-based business intelligence platform that combines data integration, visualization, and collaboration features. It offers real-time data access, customizable dashboards, and data governance capabilities. Domo provides a wide range of connectors and integration options.
- SAS Visual Analytics: SAS Visual Analytics is a powerful analytics and visualization platform that supports data exploration, reporting, and predictive modeling. It offers interactive visualizations, self-service capabilities, and advanced analytics features. SAS Visual Analytics integrates well with other SAS products.
- MicroStrategy: MicroStrategy is an enterprise analytics platform that provides interactive dashboards, data discovery, and advanced analytics capabilities. It offers comprehensive data connectivity, data blending, and security features. MicroStrategy emphasizes scalability and governance.
These are just a few examples of paid decision support systems available in the market. The choice of the best DSS or decision support system and management information systems depends on specific requirements, industry, budget, and integration needs. It is recommended to evaluate multiple options, consider demos, and seek feedback from users to determine which DSS aligns best with your organization’s needs.
Read on more interesting articles here –
Nice read, I just passed this onto a colleague who was doing a little research on that. And he just bought me lunch as I found it for him smile So let me rephrase that: Thanks for lunch!
Keep working ,great job!
Please provide me with more details on the topic
Thank you for sharing this article with me. It helped me a lot and I love it.
You’ve been great to me. Thank you!
Thank you for sharing this article with me. It helped me a lot and I love it.
I enjoyed reading your piece and it provided me with a lot of value.
Please provide me with more details on the topic
I enjoyed reading your piece and it provided me with a lot of value.
Impressive content, as usual! Your expertise is unmatched. James Jernigan’s YouTube channel is a treasure trove of social media marketing wisdom.
This blog’s breakdown of AI’s impact on marketing is a reminder of the depth covered in Profitable Bots’ course.
An extensive analysis of AI’s applications in marketing strategies. Elevate your understanding with Profitable Bots’ free online course.
Interesting website, i read it but i still have a few questions. shoot me an email and we will talk more becasue i may have an interesting idea for you.
Thank you for your articles. I find them very helpful. Could you help me with something?
I really appreciate your help
Thank you for your help and this post. It’s been great.
Thanks for ones marvelous posting! I truly enjoyed reading it, you will be a great author.I will be sure to bookmark your blog and will often come back at some point. I want to encourage you to ultimately continue your great job, have a nice weekend!
In line with my observation, after a foreclosed home is available at a bidding, it is common for that borrower to be able to still have the remaining balance on the mortgage. There are many creditors who make an effort to have all charges and liens paid off by the future buyer. However, depending on specified programs, laws, and state regulations there may be a number of loans that are not easily sorted out through the shift of financial loans. Therefore, the duty still falls on the client that has had his or her property foreclosed on. Many thanks for sharing your notions on this web site.
I’m usually to blogging and i really appreciate your content. The article has really peaks my interest. I’m going to bookmark your website and keep checking for brand spanking new information.
This really answered my downside, thanks!
Very efficiently written story. It will be helpful to anyone who utilizes it, as well as yours truly :). Keep doing what you are doing – for sure i will check out more posts.
It’s a shame you don’t have a donate button! I’d most certainly donate to this outstanding blog! I suppose for now i’ll settle for bookmarking and adding your RSS feed to my Google account. I look forward to new updates and will share this site with my Facebook group. Talk soon!
I have been surfing online more than three hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It is pretty worth enough for me. Personally, if all site owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the net will be much more useful than ever before.
Some tips i have seen in terms of personal computer memory is that there are technical specs such as SDRAM, DDR or anything else, that must match the requirements of the mother board. If the computer’s motherboard is fairly current and there are no computer OS issues, modernizing the ram literally usually takes under sixty minutes. It’s among the list of easiest laptop upgrade types of procedures one can think about. Thanks for revealing your ideas.
Aw, this was a really nice post. In thought I want to put in writing like this additionally ?taking time and precise effort to make a very good article?however what can I say?I procrastinate alot and in no way appear to get one thing done.
Once I initially commented I clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a remark is added I get 4 emails with the identical comment. Is there any approach you may take away me from that service? Thanks!
I’ve noticed that credit improvement activity should be conducted with techniques. If not, you will probably find yourself causing harm to your rank. In order to reach your goals in fixing your credit history you have to ascertain that from this time you pay your entire monthly costs promptly before their scheduled date. It really is significant because by not really accomplishing that, all other actions that you will take to improve your credit position will not be effective. Thanks for discussing your ideas.
I was curious if you ever thought of changing the page layout of your blog? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having 1 or two images. Maybe you could space it out better?
A lot of of what you mention is astonishingly accurate and it makes me ponder the reason why I hadn’t looked at this with this light previously. This piece truly did turn the light on for me personally as far as this particular subject goes. Nonetheless at this time there is just one point I am not too comfy with and while I try to reconcile that with the core idea of the position, allow me see exactly what all the rest of the subscribers have to point out.Well done.
I have read several good stuff here. Definitely worth bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how much effort you put to create such a great informative web site.
Hello, i feel that i saw you visited my site thus i got here to 搟go back the prefer?I am trying to in finding issues to improve my website!I suppose its ok to make use of a few of your ideas!!
Hello. Great job. I did not anticipate this. This is a excellent story. Thanks!
Yet another thing is that while looking for a good on the net electronics shop, look for web shops that are constantly updated, maintaining up-to-date with the hottest products, the top deals, along with helpful information on products. This will ensure you are handling a shop that stays over the competition and provide you what you need to make knowledgeable, well-informed electronics purchases. Thanks for the significant tips I have learned from the blog.
I like what you guys are up also. Such clever work and reporting! Carry on the superb works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my site 🙂
Great items from you, man. I’ve take note your stuff previous to and you are just too fantastic. I really like what you’ve bought here, really like what you are stating and the way in which you say it. You’re making it enjoyable and you still care for to stay it smart. I cant wait to learn much more from you. This is really a tremendous website.
My partner and I absolutely love your blog and find most of your post’s to be precisely what I’m looking for. can you offer guest writers to write content for you? I wouldn’t mind publishing a post or elaborating on a lot of the subjects you write in relation to here. Again, awesome web log!
I have learned new things from a blog post. Also a thing to I have found is that normally, FSBO sellers are going to reject an individual. Remember, they will prefer not to ever use your solutions. But if anyone maintain a reliable, professional partnership, offering support and staying in contact for four to five weeks, you will usually be capable of win an interview. From there, a listing follows. Thanks
My spouse and i felt very comfortable when Ervin managed to deal with his preliminary research out of the ideas he gained while using the blog. It’s not at all simplistic to simply happen to be giving freely guidance which people today might have been selling. Therefore we fully understand we’ve got the writer to be grateful to because of that. The specific explanations you have made, the straightforward site menu, the friendships your site make it possible to foster – it is all superb, and it’s really facilitating our son and us believe that this content is amusing, which is tremendously serious. Thanks for the whole lot!
Hi my family member! I wish to say that this article is amazing, great written and include approximately all important infos. I would like to see more posts like this .
Howdy this is kind of of off topic but I was wondering if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with HTML. I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding know-how so I wanted to get guidance from someone with experience. Any help would be enormously appreciated!
Please let me know if you’re looking for a article author for your weblog. You have some really good posts and I believe I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d love to write some material for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please blast me an email if interested. Regards!
My brother recommended I might like this blog. He was totally right. This post truly made my day. You can not imagine simply how much time I had spent for this info! Thanks!
you’re in reality a excellent webmaster. The website loading speed is amazing. It sort of feels that you are doing any distinctive trick. Moreover, The contents are masterpiece. you have done a great task on this subject!
Hey everyone, I just wanted to share this cool blog I found that covers everything Artificial Intelligence! Whether you’re a total beginner or a seasoned AI enthusiast, there’s something for everyone here. Check it out: https://everyminutedeals.com/category/artificial-intelligence/
Thanks for this wonderful article. One more thing to mention is that nearly all digital cameras come equipped with a new zoom lens so that more or less of a scene to be included simply by ‘zooming’ in and out. These changes in concentration length are usually reflected within the viewfinder and on substantial display screen right on the back of the specific camera.
There is clearly a bundle to realize about this. I suppose you made various good points in features also.
Woah! I’m really enjoying the template/theme of this site. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s very hard to get that “perfect balance” between user friendliness and appearance. I must say you’ve done a great job with this. In addition, the blog loads very quick for me on Internet explorer. Superb Blog!
I happen to be writing to make you understand of the really good discovery my friend’s daughter experienced visiting your site. She figured out numerous issues, which included what it’s like to possess a wonderful coaching mindset to have others just know just exactly several extremely tough issues. You actually surpassed our own expected results. Thanks for rendering such insightful, dependable, revealing not to mention fun tips about your topic to Emily.
Hey, I think your blog might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, great blog!
Unquestionably believe that that you stated. Your favorite justification appeared to be at the web the simplest factor to have in mind of. I say to you, I definitely get irked even as folks consider worries that they just do not know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top and outlined out the entire thing without having side-effects , folks could take a signal. Will likely be again to get more. Thank you
Thank you a lot for providing individuals with a very wonderful possiblity to discover important secrets from this site. It can be very pleasurable plus stuffed with a great time for me personally and my office acquaintances to visit your site at a minimum three times every week to study the newest stuff you have. Of course, I am just actually contented for the very good hints you serve. Selected 1 points in this post are undeniably the most beneficial we have ever had.
Yesterday, while I was at work, my cousin stole my iPad and tested to see if it can survive a twenty five foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My iPad is now broken and she has 83 views. I know this is entirely off topic but I had to share it with someone!
I’m just writing to make you know what a extraordinary encounter my daughter undergone reading through your web site. She learned numerous pieces, which included what it’s like to possess an excellent coaching character to get many others with no trouble fully grasp a number of extremely tough issues. You actually did more than visitors’ expected results. Many thanks for producing those practical, trusted, informative and even easy guidance on that topic to Evelyn.
I’m still learning from you, as I’m improving myself. I absolutely enjoy reading everything that is written on your blog.Keep the stories coming. I loved it!
What抯 Happening i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I’ve found It absolutely helpful and it has helped me out loads. I hope to contribute & aid other users like its aided me. Great job.
Wow, fantastic blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your web site is wonderful, as well as the content!
Valuable info. Fortunate me I found your website by accident, and I’m surprised why this coincidence didn’t came about in advance! I bookmarked it.
I really wanted to jot down a small message to be able to say thanks to you for all the nice advice you are posting here. My rather long internet investigation has finally been paid with reputable insight to write about with my great friends. I ‘d assume that most of us website visitors are rather lucky to be in a remarkable place with so many marvellous individuals with beneficial tips and hints. I feel rather fortunate to have encountered your entire web page and look forward to tons of more thrilling times reading here. Thank you once again for everything.
Good article. It is very unfortunate that over the last one decade, the travel industry has already been able to to deal with terrorism, SARS, tsunamis, influenza, swine flu, and the first ever true global economic depression. Through everything the industry has proven to be powerful, resilient in addition to dynamic, obtaining new strategies to deal with misfortune. There are generally fresh troubles and the possiblility to which the market must once more adapt and reply.
This actually answered my drawback, thank you!
I抣l right away grab your rss feed as I can not find your email subscription link or e-newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Kindly let me know so that I could subscribe. Thanks.
Thank you for another informative web site. Where else could I get that type of information written in such an ideal way? I’ve a project that I am just now working on, and I’ve been on the look out for such info.
I just could not depart your website before suggesting that I really enjoyed the standard information a person provide for your visitors? Is going to be back often to check up on new posts
Its such as you read my thoughts! You seem to grasp a lot approximately this, such as you wrote the e book in it or something. I believe that you just could do with some to power the message home a bit, however other than that, that is fantastic blog. A fantastic read. I’ll certainly be back.
I am curious to find out what blog system you happen to be utilizing? I’m having some small security issues with my latest site and I would like to find something more secure. Do you have any suggestions?
Great post. I was checking constantly this weblog and
I am inspired! Very useful info specially the final phase 🙂 I
maintain such info a lot. I was looking for this certain information for a
long time. Thank you and best of luck.