Nagpur University
BIOLOGY (CODE.044)
COURSE STRUCTURE
| UNIT | TITLE | MARKS |
| I | Diversity of living organisms | 15 |
| II | Structural organisation in plants and animals | 10 |
| III | Cell: Structure and Function | 15 |
| IV | Plant physiology | 12 |
| V | Human physiology | 18 |
| TOTAL | 70 |
- TOTAL 22 CHAPTERS
UNIT I-DIVERSITY OF LIVING ORGAMISMS
CHAPTER 1- THE LIVING WORLD
Biodiversity; Need for classification; Three domains of life; Taxonomy and systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature.
CHAPTER 2- BIOLOGICAL CLASSFICATION
Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.
CHAPTER 3- PLANT KINGDOM
Classification of plants into major groups; Salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae (Topics excluded – Angiosperms, Plant Life Cycle and Alternation of Generations)
CHAPTER 4-ANIMAL KINGDOM
Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (salient features and at a few examples of each category). (No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)
UNIT II STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
CHAPTER 5- MORPHOLOGY IN FLOWERING PLANTS
Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Description of family Solanaceae.
CHAPTER 6- ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS
Anatomy and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots.
CHAPTER 7- STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS
Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of frog.
UNIT III CELL: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CHAPTER 8- CELL THE UNIT OF LIFE
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles – structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus.
CHAPTER 9- BIOMOLECULES
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzyme – types, properties, enzyme action. (Topics excluded: Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer, Dynamic State of Body Constituents – Concept of Metabolism, Metabolic Basis of Living, The Living State)
CHAPTER 10 – CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance
UNIT IV PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 11- PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.
CHAPTER 12- RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration – glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations – number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.
CHAPTER 13- PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators – auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA.
UNIT V – HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 14- BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans – exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration – asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.
CHAPTER 15- BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system – Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system – hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.
CHAPTER 16- EXCREATORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION
Modes of excretion – ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system – structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function – renin – angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders – uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant.
CHAPTER 17- LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT
Types of movement – ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal systems – myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.
CHAPTER 18- NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION
Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans – central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse
CHAPTER 19- CHEMICAL COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION
Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system – hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo – and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goitre, diabetes, Addison’s disease. Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief.
PRACTICLE
| EVALUATION SCHEME | MARKS |
| ONE MAJOR EXPERIMENT PART A (EXP-1,3,7,8) | 5 |
| ONE MINOR EXPERIMENT (EXP- 6,9,10,11,12,13) | 4 |
| SLIDE PREPERATION PART A (EXP-2,4,5) | 5 |
| SPOTTING B | 7 |
| PRACTICAL RECORD+VIVA VOICE | 4 |
| PROJECT RECORD +VIVA VOICE | 5 |
| TOTAL | 30 |
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